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-iWiuaww«»»|itfy<toM»y 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

Cliaii. Copyright No. . 

Shelf -,W4-'2> 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



^ WEINBERG'S ^ 



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A SIMPLE AND PERFECT METHOD FOR SELF INSTRUCTION ON THE ART OF 
CUTTING LADIES' CLOAKS. SKIRTS AND CAPES, 

]J V 

BENJAMIN WEINBERG. 



ipncc $1.00 



3 (^5U() 

LibrMry of Con\3ree*' 

■•wj Copies RecEuto 
AUG 20 1900 

Copyr'i^hl (jnlry 

SECOND COPY. 

Otlivurod to 

0K0E8 DIVISION, 

AUG 22 190U 



^ 



\ 



6S351 



M/:L, i^'^p.^ 



EntereJ according to an Act of Congress, in the year of 1900. by Benjamin Weinbbfg. 

In the Office of the librarian of Congress, 

Washington, D. C. 



> jt. ALL MGHTS RESERVED. J» ^ 



. . Sntroduction . . 



.xt' 



'H'T is the purpose of the following pages to set forth in a clear, concise and 
elJL instructive manner the improved sj'stem of cloak, skirt, and cape cutting. 

My varied experience leads me to believe that an exposition of the 
funderaental theory of construction will not only be satisfactory to accomplished 
cutters, by making clearer to them the principles upon which they already act, 
but will be found of still greater importance to those of limited experience, who 
may be hampered by cLrciimstances in acquiring a scientific system of cutting. 

Still there are many cutters of more experience who are still in the 
dark as to the true merits of scientific principles and system, and it is desirable 
to impress on the vast majority of cutters how greatly the benefits to them 
would be increased if they would by a little study learn to cut and design in 
a more rational and scientific manner. 

Unfortunately, the nuiss of cutters have not kept up with tliis progress, 
and many have not acquired progressive principles. Many of them still pursue 
the old taught method of superficial measuring, and do their cutting after the 
few uncertain patterns of ancient date. 

Some teachers boast that they can leach cutting in a few days by a 
system which is nothing more than a series of papers or wooden scales, together 
with a few erroneous ideas learned from their wives, and giving a few paper 
patterns, the\- dismiss the schollar. 

There is no need of any- patent rulers or wooden scales to draft this 
system. It can be done with any straight ruler. It is slso cut complete with 
enough allowance for seams. Every point needed to make it clear has been care- 
fully put down in its illustration, making it at once easy to comprehend and 
perfect as a whole. 

BENJAMIN WEINBERG. 



^ RULER. ^ 



11" will become necessary in the course of drafting this system, 
to divide certain lines into .'5rds which may occaMOn 
some difficulty to those unschooled in arithmetic. In llu- 
case of certain lines, as for example a line of s'^ inches to In- 
divided into ."Irds. This division would be found difficult on 
an ordinary ruler. Therefore this ruler has been put down in 
print to divide all numbers readily into thirds. 

Divide in the following- manner: Whatever number you 
wish to divide, use the same number of thirds on this ruler, 
the same way as you would use inches. Namely, the same line 
of 8i inches, take 8i thirds on this ruler, which will give you 
a correct third of 8^ inches. This ruler may be cut out or re- 
ferred to in the book. 

Drafted by the measure as taken on the body, 

Illustrated by figures 1, '.' and 3. 

Let us explain the system by which ladies garments are 
produced in conformity with the person measured. We shall trj 
to make this clear by the use of diaurams illustrating every stage 
of drafting, and explain it so that none may go amiss. 

In order that we may intelligently proceed with our 
work, we shall give a measure with which to draft this elementary 
pattern, and this measure being taken of a size of good propor- 
tions, it will be found a good example to commence with. The 
measure is breast .'tfi, waist 25, length of back to waist lli, across 
back 7, from top of back at socket bone, to the hight of bust 
line 7^_^,, under arm 8 '4. around neck 15, across front breast 
14, from socket bone past front arm down to bottom of front 
arm-hole H/^, and from socket bone past the front arm, down 
to the waist line 21 inches, around hip 42, sleeve 18 inside, 
and 23 outside, from waist to higheht part of hip 6 inches. 



^o 
-11 

-Hi- 
^3 

-16 
-17 

-49 

-^ 

-23 
-U- 
-25 
-26 

-n 

-29 
_3fl. 



Uable of Sizes for Ciiildren. 





Age 


Breast 


Waist 


Length 

of Back to 

Waist 


Hips 




2 


22 


23 


9 


24 




4 


21% 


24 


10 


26 




6 


25 


25 


II 


28 




8 


26 14 


25A 


12 


30 




lO 


28 


26 


13 


32 




12 


29 


26^ 


14 


34 



Uable of Sizes for Sflisses. 





Age 


Bust 


Waist 


Length 

of Back to 

Waist 


Hips 




I 2 


30 


2 2 


•4.'^ 


36 




14 


3- 


23 


i5 


38 




16 


34 


24 


i5x^ 


40 




18 


36 


25 


16 


42 




20 


3S 


26 


16 


44 



Uablos of Sizes for jOac/ies. 



Ikist 



iO 



34 
35 
36 
^>~ 
3S 
39 



Waist 



Lenjrth 

of Hack to 

Waist 



22 
23 

23K 
24 

-5 
26 
27 

28 
29 




4' 


30 


42 


3' 


43 


32 


44 


33 


45 


34 


40 


35 


47 


36 


48 


37 



16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 

16 

16 
16 
15'-' 

i5H 



36 
2)7 
38 

39 

40 

4' 

42 >< 

44 

45^^ 

47 

4^'i 

5o 

5>K 
53 
54 
5,6 

57 '^ 

59 

60^ 



l^^KJ. 1. 2. :J. 



Uight D-itting Sarment. 



COMMENCE by dniwiiii;- a line A on tin- edge of a sheet of pajjer from 
l>oint A to I), and one line at right angles from A to the edge of 
the paptir. From A measure tlown 1 1 '2 inches to point B and draw 
a line same as abo\e. From i)oint A to E is one third 1 if bust measure, which 
for a size ."JG bust wouUl be 12 inches, and tlraw a line down trom jioint E to G. 
From point W to X is 7 '4 inches. Draw a line from jtoint X to F. From 
X measure down the length of waist to point C. which is 16 inches, and make 
a dot. Measure from point F down the length of under arm to |)oint H which 
is S'a inches. Now draw a line trom point C to H. From point C go in '1 
inches to point (i. 2 '4 inches from <i to 7, antl 1 inch from 7 to S, draw aline 
for the center of back from point X to 6 Draw a line at right angles with the 
back linc! from |)oint X to I. Measure from B to J 7 inches, which is the width 
of back, and dnuv a line from point J to I. Divide same line into 3 parts, 
and make dots, as in fig. 1 points 4 and 5. Measure from point 1 down Xy^ 
inches to point 3. (''rom point J go in H inches to K and draw a line from K 
to 8. From point A to O is •_>§ inches, which is one sixth of the neck measure, 
draw a line down from point O, crossing the line from X to E. From E to U 
measures the same as from A to O. Now draw line U. From point E measure 
down 11 inches to point N, and make a dot. From E to N is always 1 inch 
less than from ,A to E. From middle back at bust line of point L, measure 18 
inches to point S, which is one half of bust measure. From S measure 3 inches to T 
Those 3 inches are always allowed for seams. .Make a dot on point T. From 
point C to D and H to Q is six inches, which is the highest point of hip. 
Draw a line from point D to G. 



In order that you may learn the s\stem thoroughly, draw the last lines 
of Fig. 1 several times, and then proceed with the others. See Fig, 2. 

Draw a lin<- from point P to .■» for shoulder of back, then draw a line 
from point X to N, and one line at right angles with the same line N to line 




U at point Z. Go out from point Z one inch to Y, and measure three inches i 

to V, which is one twelfth of bust measure. Draw a line from point V to T. j 

From V to W is one third of the line from V to T. From point T draw I 

a line at right angles with bust line Measure from point 9 down to waist line 1 



13 



to point 10, lM inclies as dotted line seen in Fig. •2- Draw a line from point H 
to 10. From point 10 to R is (! inches. ' Draw a line from point G to I<. From 
point T go in 7 incln's to 17 for front arm hole. Draw a line from [joint 17 
up to right angle line. From point H go in ^ of an inch to 20. Divide in half 




R 



13 



Hip Line 
27 G /8 Z9 lb io S^ zt '" 



the line from F to K and draw a line down to point 16. Draw same line up 
one inch above bust line to point 25. Go in i< inch on each side of line 16 at 
waist line, and draw the two lines up to point 25. From point H go in 54; 
of an inch and draw a line up to point F, and one line from point F to 20. 



15 



Measure from point T down to 1 1 three inches. Place your ruler on point i i 
and point B and draw a hne across front. From i i to 12 is 4 inches, from R 
to 13 is 3I inches. Draw a line from 12 down to 13. 'lo take out tht; dart you 
must measure the waist line in order to find how much to take out, Therefore 




measure from the middle of back point 6 to point 10. You will find on this 
draft that it is 20 inches. Deduct three inches for seams, which leaves 17 inches. 
Now you have taken out one inch from point 7 to 8, Y2 inch from each side 
of line 16, Yj^ of an inch from point H in, and \ of an inch out. That makes 



IT 



tliree inches taken out. Subtract '5 inches from 17, whicli leaves 14 inches, and 
I2'' inches, is '2 of the waist measure. So the remaintler of one inch and a lialf 
is to be taken out of dart. Take it out as follows: Measure i^ of an inch on each 
side of the dart line which exten is from jjoint 12 to 13, at the waist line 14 and 15. 
Draw a line from 12 to 15; and from 15 to 13, from 1 2 to 14, and from 14 to 13. 
For hip measure from G to 27 one inch. I'Vom G to 28. Il4 inches. From 16 to 29, 
one inch. From 16 to 30, I'i inches. From I) to 26, i'2 inches. From 26 to 31, 2 '2 
inches. From 31 to 32 one inch. 

Use a piece of drafting; lead to draw the cur\'(xl lines. A few trials will 
enable \ou to make a nicely shajjcd curve. From point X i^o down ^_^, of an inch 
and sliL;htl_\- curve line up to point P. F'rom ])oint P curve in slightly to point .'i. 
From center of back point B, draw i^radualK" tlown, and slii^htly curve at waist line 
about '4 of an inch on the insitle of line; 6 and down to hij) line point 30. Curve 
a line down for back from point ^ crossing; point K down to waist line point 7, 
and then to hip line |)oint 'M. Draw a line from ijoint K up crossini.;; point 5 level 
with point '2 to point •\. Go out -s of ari inch and cur\e down to point 25. 
From point -^, curve out to point K down to waist line point 8, and curve out 
slightly tlown to hip line point 32. Allow -ji of an inch from point 25, and 
cur\e line down to point F. From point 33 curve slightly out and down to hip 

Stff 

line point 29. From point 32 curve out and down to hi]) line point f(^ From point 
H curve out and down to hip line point 27. and from point 20 curve out and 
down to hip line point 28. Curve the neck line from point Y to VV. Measure from 
point Y I4 of an inch more than from point P to 3, and curve a line for front 
arm hole in to line 17, to point F '4 of an inch below the bust line. Curve line 
slightly down from point \V. '2 of an inch out of point T, down and in to waist point 
10, and curve out to hip line '2 an inch out of point R. Curve the dart line 
as shown in Fig. o. Now allow II2 inches for a lap, and you can cut the garment 
an\' length }ou wish. The draft is now finished by proportion, and I can assure my 
readers that it is applicable to all forms. The manner of drafting remains the same 
in all cases. All the figures in this book, unless otherwise stated, are drafted 
with seams. 



19 




FIG. A. 



Standing Collar^ 




LINE B 



Draw a line B. Another at 
rit^rht angles with the lines D and C. 
Measure from line C the length of 
collar to line D, Measi re l'^ inches 
from line B at line D and curve a 
line from the bottom of line B up 
\% inches. 

Now measure in the width of 
collar, which is generally 2% inches. 



FIG. 4. 



FRONT WITH TWO DARTS. 



This is drafted in the san:e manner as the one given in fig. 3. As how- 
ever, this has two darts, therefore the place of darts should be changed. The 
dotted line shows how it is in Fig. 3. Change the darts as follows: measure \% 
inches on each side of point 12, which will make the darts 2% inches apart. 
Divide \% inches at waist into half, which makes 3^ of an inch for each dart. 



21 




G 28 



VIC. 



LOOSE FITTING FRONT. 

It will be seen that the general arrangement of this draft is the same as 
all produced by this system. As however, this is loose in front, the amount of 
fullness must be increased. Therefore allow one inch from point R to X, and draw 
a line up to point T. Allow "Zyi inches for a lap, thus making it single breasted. 
Ij4 inches more will make it double breasted In this front take the dart out only fs 
of an inch on each side of dart line. Also move the dart one inch nearer to front at 
bottom. If you want a shape collar, raise the neck one half inch above point W, and 
cut a dart at neck line from point W, ^ of an inch in, and about 1 1/2 inches down in 
front to a point. In figure 6 you will see how a collar is drafted to draw the length of 
shape you wish. 



23 




PIG. 6. 



HOW TO DRAFT A COLLAR. 



A collar is a very important part of a garment. It will sometimes spoil 
the entire fitting of the garmeoit, when it is imperfectly cut. This manner of 
drafting a collar is the simplest and best, it will hold down the length of shape you 
wish. Draft it as follows : Measure down from point 5 the length of shape you 
wish to make, to point B. Then draw a line up from point B, passing point 6, 
higher up about 25^ inches to point 2, then from point 2 measure down \% inches 
to point ;5. From point 3 curve a line down to neck line at point X, and use the 
neck line of front to the notch where the collar is sewed in. Curve line up from 
point 3 to the width of collar point 4. Draw a line to c )mplete the collar. Trace 
the collar out with a tracing wheel. After collar is cut out, measure it in the neck 
of front and back. If it is too long, cut it off at the wider end, which is the center. 



25 




FKJ. 7. 

Since the stj-Ie is imw low bust corsets, however, the form is not as 
full around the front arm. I have therefore fouud a method by practice of great 
improvement to the front. It need not be done in all cases, only when the figure 
is stout across the chest, or when a low bust corset is used. The method is as 
follows: The dotted line shows the front as it is drafted. Place the same front 
on another paper, aud tear it at the top of dart up about one inch, then make 
a crease at point X as dotted line seen in Fig. 7 down to a point. Make the 
crease large enough so that the dart will spread apart Jz inch more than it 
does and mark out the front as it lies creased. 



Do not make the darts higher than they already are. Draw the dart 

lines nearer at the top to a point. The side bodies and back can be used 

as they are, aud you will hud that the front will fit perfectly around the arm 
and all over. 



2T 




VJO. s. 

^THE SLEEVE.^ 

In (.Iraftinij a sleeve, we must first liave tlu! arm-hole measure. This is 
taken carefully around the eil<^e of the arm-hole, and no allowance made for seams. 
The size we shall use for our illustrations will he 1 (j inches. First draw a line 
from B to A and one line at right anL;Ies with A to D. From .A to D is 34 of 
arni-hoh;, which is 1 l> inches. Draw a h'ne at right angles with D to 1. Place the 
hack of garment at point A in the manner as dotted line, seen in Fig. S and draw 
a line across at the bust line of l):ick from point C to O. (VVh-n tracing out the 
hack of garment, you will trace through the bust line on back, for the use of 
(.Irawing the sleeve ) 

Measure from same line point C up 1% inches to X, and draw the line 
across to full width. Draw a right curve up, about 'i an inch above the top line 
A D, and down to point O. From point O m-asure down the length of sleeve 
of inside seam to point I which for a 3(j would be 18 inches. And in the middle 
between these two points O and I mark point F. From point I measure in 5i 
inches to point W. From point X measure the outside seam to W, which is 23 
inches, ami in the middle between these two points X and W, mark point N, and 



i| draw ;i line across from pnint N to F. From point F go in 1 '^ inches to point S. 

F'roni point S measure in one half of arm-hole size, which is 8 inches to point N. 

[j From point I <^o out one inch to |)oint T, and draw a line from jjoint T to S, and 

from S to point O. Curve the- line from point O slightly down about 34 of 'i'"' 

inch out of point S, gradually down to point T, then curve the line from point X 

graduall)- down about i of an inch out of point N at the elbow, and down to lower 

I part of the sleeve to point W. If you want to make a coat sleeve, measure hi 

one inch from ])oint X. and draw a line down tj elbow point N, and draw the 

I insiile line for the top of sleeve. This line will not reach line A D, but be inside 

J of it. This finishes the upper sleeve. The lower is drawn in the following manner : 

The under sleeve should measure from point O to K, five inches. We 

i give one inch for fullness, the upper sleeve measuring 1l' inches, the lower should 

1 1 be four more, which makes it 16 inches, and one inch added. Therefore from 
\ 

point O to K must be five inches. Now measure frome S to L the same which 

is five inches, antl from T to P is four or five inches, according to what width 

you wish to make the l)ottom. Then curve like diagram at elbow, and lower 

part of the sleeve. Make the lower sleeve about I of an inch shorter than top 

sleeve, at outside seam. This I of an inch is to be worked in while sewing. Draw 

the curve from point K, leaving enough for a seam, down to point O. This curve 

should not be very deep, so that when the sleeve is sewed in, the garment, and 

the arm is raised, it will not pull up the side bodies. Now trace off the under 

sleeve on a separate sheet of paper, and you will have a perfect sleeve. 






31 




^ THE MEASURES. ^ 

Most systems of proporlion lliiis far issutd arc projected on the breast 
measure. It will he evident on investi^^atin^- the proportion of the human figure 
that a syst(;m based only on one size of the body, and that its width can never 
lead to the best results, as all parts of different sizes are different in their propor- 
tion of heights to widths. Therefore in this system the following measurements 
are requiretl in ortler to give correct results. (See Fig. 9). 

Measure from socket bone at top of back point 2 to point 12thehight 
of bust line, down to waist point 3, below the waist to 8 for the highest point of hip 
and to the full length of garment wanted. Next take the width of back from 
10 to 11, being careful to see whether the dress worn has this width in the 
correct place. Put the tape directly under the arm to seam of sleeve at point i>, 
and measure dow^n to waist line ;i Also take measure from point 9 to wrist 13, 
the length of sleeve outside. Turn to Fig. 10, and measure as shown from top 
of back point 2 past the front, to the bottom of front arm hole point 4. This 
measure must be taken easily, and from the same point 2 of top of back, past the front 
down to front waist line 3. Measure next around neck. Then across front bust from 
arm to arm. then taking the bust measure over the fullest part of the bosom. Then the 
waist measure, always taken close to the body. And then measure the hips at the 
highest part. These are all the measures required for a waist, a jacket or a long 
garment. For a skirt take the length from the w-iist to hip and down to the ground. 
For a cape take the width .-iround the shoulders. 



33 




I l^^TG. 11. 

I dt .^ SKIRTS ^ dt 

I In order to secure a good hanor to the skirt, a process in drafting is 

i necessary which will regulate the upper edge at waist in conformit)- with the build. 
This is accomplished by the following system very easily 

I'irst draw a straight line as A B. Then draw a line at right angles with 
A to D. Measure from A to O 1.5 inches, and draw a line at right angles with 
O. up three inches to P. then curve out from A to point P. Measure down from t!ic 



Irfc 



r^"? 

ciir\eil line 6 inches to D, wliich is the hii^hrst [fart ol hi|>. From point I) to D 
measure tlie witltli around hips, whicli one-haH on this ih^alt is 21 inches. Now 
appl)- the length of skirt wanted. From p(3int A to B on this th-aft it is 42 inches. 
Measure from ])oint P tlown th(,' same length, which is 42 inches, to point F. Measure 
the width of skirt wanteil on the l)ottom from B to F", on this, it is 3 yards, 
ami sweep line across at bottom from point B to F, then ilraw a line np from 
point F, crossini^ the jjoint at the hip and up to w.iist lin(_' i)oint P. 

The pre.sent demand of fashion is that the skirt should fit closely all 
around the front and sides, and allowing enough fullness at the back for a pleat 
on gathering. In order to .gain this, darts are required between the breadths, wdiich 
reduce the size needed over the hijjs, down to size at waist, as the hips propor- 
tionatel}' increase at a given ratio at the sides. 

It must be evident that in order that the skirl may fall down fairly over 
the hips, those darts at the sides must be larger while towards the front they 
must be smaller. 

You will find that the line from A to P is on this draft 16 inches. Then 
take one-fourth of the same line which makes it four inches. This is to be the 
front part. Make the front of skirt at bottom '"^ inches. At the top it is four inches. 

The bottom should be twice as much, therefore the width of front at bottom should 
be iS inches, and draw a line for front. 

Now 3-011 took four inches of the line from A to P, being 16 inches which 
leaves 12 inches. Divide those 12 inches into three parts then take out the darts. 
The line from A to P being 16 inches, and the waist is to be 12 '2 inches, which 
leaves 3 '2 inches to be taken out of the darts. Therefore take the darts out 
as follows: Take out one inch at the front dart, one inch of middle dart, and 
i'2 inches of the last dart. Draw the darts gradually down to a point about three 
inches below the waist line, then allow for a pleat or gathering at the back. We 
now have a skirt in three gores. If you wish to divide the skirt into more gores, 
halve the line at bottom from front, and draw a line up to waist line at the last dart. 
In cutting the cloth, place the front oa tha close side of the goods, to have it 
without a seam. Seams must be allowed to all parts divided. 



37 




KKi. 1:>. 



^ THE CAPES, di 



The l)est and simplest way to cut a cape is the following: First draw 
a straight line at the ed,2,e of a sheet of paper, and lay the back and front 
in a closing position, as shown in Fii;'. 12. In this way the shoulders will be 
together just as they should be when sewn up. Lay the pattern of the back two 
inches inside of line at the waist. Now mark along the neck, and form the 
front of cape, straight with the front of garment. Then apply the length. It 
is evident that this can be made long and short. Yet when it should reach any 
distance over the waist it had better be cut by the following method, as shown 
in Fiofure 13. 






39 




Draw ;i line at the ed<je of a sheet of paper. Lay the pattern of the 
back two inches inside of line at waist. Lay also the pattern of the front against 
the shoulder of the back in an open position, as shown in Fig. 18. From point 
A to B should be about tliree inches, and draw a line from point .A to B and in the 
middle mark X. 



Now mark aloni;- the neck and form the front of cape straight with the 
front of garment. Measure along the back line from top to whatever length 
wanted, and sweep at the bottom by using X as a pivot, then square the bottom 
at back, and the bottom at front. When a regular pattern is cut, addition is 
made where pleats are wanted. 



4.0 



^ I ^ 1 1 K principle as shown in this book will produce for every style of 
■^ sjarment a correct fit, and yet it may lie uri:ed upon all usinp; it, that 

in order to -produce new styles, or orarments of such styles as contain 
pleats or ornaments, the reader's own judizement must necessarily help to carry 
him throu'ih. In conclusion let me sa\- that any point or measuring;- that does not 
seem clear, by addressin,i:- me I will always be ready to enliiihten to the best 
of my ability. 



S.Al.TZriAN'S PRINTING HOUSE, 

Cor. Broome t: Hssex Sts., 

Ne\\- NOrk. 



